Introduction
Masjid e Nabvi, also known as the Prophet’s Mosque, is one of the most revered and significant mosques, standing as a cornerstone of Islamic history. Located in the heart of Madinah, Saudi Arabia, this sacred site was established by Prophet Muhammad (SAW) himself in 622 CE, shortly after Prophet (SAW) migrated from Makkah. The Masjid an-Nabawi has undergone multiple additions and improvements, which have transformed it into a vast and grand place of worship. It can accommodate hundreds of thousands of worshippers simultaneously, making it one of the largest and most significant mosques in the world.
The importance of Masjid Nabvi
Masjid e Nabvi is significant in Islam, second only to Masjid al-Haram in Makkah. It is the final resting place of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) and two of his closest companions, Caliphs Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) and Hazrat Umar (RA). This mosque is a place of prayer and a symbol of Islamic history, unity, and spirituality.
Hazrat Abu Huraira (RA) narrated that:
Prophet Muhammad (SAW) said A prayer in my mosque is a thousand times more excellent than a prayer in any other mosque except Masjid al-Haram (Mosque of the Ka’ba).
[Sahih Muslim 1394a]
Size and Area of Masjid Nabwi
Masjid al-Nabawi is one of the largest mosques in the world. The total area of the Masjid e Nabvi, including the courtyard, is approximately 59 acres. The main mosque area itself is about 20.26 acres. Its expansive size can accommodate hundreds of thousands of worshippers, particularly during the Hajj and Ramadan seasons.
Architecture of Masjid an-Nabawi
Masjid e Nabawi’s architecture reflects Islamic art and culture, reflecting centuries of religious faith, artistic expression, and architectural creation. Each element of the mosque carries deep historical and spiritual significance, serving as a place of worship and a symbol of Islamic roots.
Riyad ul-Jannah: The Garden of Paradise
Riyad ul-Jannah is one of the most sacred areas within Masjid e Nabvi. The area lies between the pulpit (Minbar) of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and his house, where he was later buried. This small rectangular area is considered to be a part of paradise itself.
Hazrat Abu Huraira Narrated that:
The Prophet Muhammad (SAW) said, Between my house and my pulpit, there is a garden of the gardens of Paradise, and my pulpit is on my fountain tank (i.e. Al-Kauthar).”
[Sahih al-Bukhari 1196]
Green carpets uniquely mark this area, contrasting with the red carpets covering the rest of the mosque. Moreover, it is about 22 meters long and 15 meters wide. Pilgrims highly respect praying in Riyad ul-Jannah; they seek it as one of the most desired spots in the mosque.
To learn more about the peace of the garden, visit this link: Riaz ul Jannah – A Heavenly Garden in Masjid-e-Nabawi.
Rawdah Rasool: The Prophet’s (SAW) Chamber
Rawdah Rasool is where the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) lived with his wife Hazrat Aisha (RA) and where He (SAW) was buried after his passing. The graves of the first two Caliphs, Hazrat Abu Bakr and Hazrat Umar (RA), are also in the chamber. Additionally, they requested to be buried beside the Prophet (SAW).
The chamber is located next to the Rawdah. Although the public cannot access it, a beautifully designed golden framework surrounds it. Moreover, Arabic writing adorns the framework. The chamber holds great significance for Muslims, who come to offer their salutations (Salam) to the Prophet (SAW) and his companions.
Minarets of Masjid E Nabvi
Ten minarets adorn the Al-Masjid an-Nabawi, each standing at approximately 105 meters (344 feet) tall. The minarets feature a combination of traditional Islamic and modern architectural styles, with elaborate carvings at the base, a slender shaft, and a crown-like structure at the top.
These minarets serve an important purpose in the mosque’s daily activities. They are used to broadcast the Adhan (call to prayer) to announce the five daily prayers. The height and design of the minarets ensure that the Adhan reaches the surrounding area clearly. Consequently, this summons worshippers to pray.
Green and Silver Dome
The Green Dome (Qubbat al-Khadra) is possibly the most iconic feature of Masjid an-Nabavi. The Prophet Muhammad’s (SAW) chamber lies directly beneath it. The Mamluk Sultan Al-Mansur Qalawun constructed the dome in 1279 CE. Initially, it was silver, reflecting the architectural style of the period. The dome has undergone several renovations over the centuries. The Ottomans painted it green during their period.
Ottoman Prayer Hall
The Ottoman Prayer Hall is one of the most beautiful sections of Masjid e Nabvi, displaying the artistic and architectural skills of the Ottoman Empire. Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent directed the construction during the 16th century. The prayer hall boasts intricate tile work with colors and geometric patterns typical of Ottoman design. Calligraphy of Quranic verses adorns the walls. Consequently, it adds a spiritual dimension to the architectural beauty.
Ottoman Courtyards
The architects designed the Ottoman Courtyards as wide open spaces within the mosque complex to accommodate worshippers during prayer times. Moreover, they specifically designed them for busy seasons such as Hajj and Ramadan. The courtyards were part of significant developments by the Ottoman sultans to ensure that the mosque could accommodate the increasing number of pilgrims visiting Madinah.
Pillars line these courtyards, and polished marble flooring helps to keep the area cool and comfortable, even in the heat of the Arabian Peninsula. Throughout history, people have used these courtyards for religious gatherings, teaching circles, and community events. They have played an integral role in the mosque’s social and spiritual life.
Dikkat ul-Aghwat
Dikkat ul-Aghwat is a raised platform near the Rawdah, historically used by the mosque’s custodians, known as the Aghwat, to call the Iqamah (the second call to prayer) and make important announcements. During the Ottoman period, the Ottomans brought African men, known as the Aghwat, to Madinah and entrusted them with the care of the mosque. The Dikkat ul-Aghwat serves as a reminder of their service and dedication to the maintenance and operation of Masjid e Nabavi.
Al-Suffah
Al-Suffah was a shaded platform located at the back of the Prophet’s Mosque, where some of the poorest and most devoted companions of the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) would live. These companions, known as the “Ahl al-Suffah,” dedicated their lives to learning and teaching Islam. They were among the first students of Islamic knowledge and played a crucial role in spreading the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad (SAW). The concept of Al-Suffah highlights the importance of education, community support, and simplicity in the early Islamic community. Today, the legacy of Al-Suffah continues to inspire Muslims to seek knowledge and live a life of humility.
Library of the Prophet’s (SAW) Mosque
The Library of the Prophet’s (SAW) Mosque is a valuable repository of Islamic knowledge and scholarship. They established it to preserve and disseminate Islamic learning. The collection includes:
- Ancient Quranic manuscripts.
- Works of Hadith.
- Biographies of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).
- Treatizes on Islamic law (Fiqh).
Scholars, students, and visitors interested in studying or researching Islamic topics use the library, which is open to the public. Its environment is conducive to review and learning, providing quiet reading areas and access to numerous resources.
Gates of Masjid e Nabawi
The Masjid e Nabvi has 42 gates, each with historical and spiritual significance. These gates serve practical purposes by providing access to different parts of the mosque, while also carrying symbolic meanings. Some of the most notable gates include:
- Bab al-Salam (Gate of Peace): This is the most famous gate, traditionally used to offer salutations to the Prophet Muhammad (SAW), symbolizing peace and blessings.
- Bab al-Rahmah (Gate of Mercy): Symbolizes divine mercy, with pilgrims often entering to seek forgiveness.
- Bab Jibril (Gate of Gabriel): This is associated with divine revelations to the Prophet (SAW).
- Bab al-Majidi: Named after Ottoman Sultan Abdul Majid I, reflecting the Ottoman contribution to the mosque’s expansion.
- Bab al-Qiblah: Aligned with the direction of Qiblah, used by worshippers entering to pray.
- Bab al-Nisa (Gate of Women): This gate is designated for women and provides easy and respectful access to their prayer areas.
- Bab al-Bilal: Honors Hazrat Bilal ibn Rabah (RA), reflecting his legacy in calling to prayer.
Piazzas and Umbrellas
Large umbrellas equip the wide-open piazzas surrounding Masjid e Nabawi in Madina, providing essential shade during the day. These umbrellas, which are about 26 meters high, can be closed at night or during cooler weather to ensure comfort for the worshippers. Polished marble paves the piazzas, enhancing the mosque’s beauty and helping to keep the area cool by reflecting sunlight.
The modern umbrellas at Masjid e Nabvi combine advanced engineering with traditional architecture. The designers manufactured these umbrellas in Germany to ensure they are reliable and operate smoothly. They carefully schedule the timing of the umbrellas’ opening and closing, typically opening them in the morning and closing them after Isha’s prayers. The investment in these umbrellas was significant and aimed at enhancing the comfort of mosque visitors.
Jannat al-Baqi
Jannat al-Baqi is a historic cemetery located next to Masjid Nabawi. It is one of the most respected cemeteries in the Islamic world, as it is the final resting place of many of the Prophet Muhammad’s (SAW) family members, close companions, and early followers. They named the cemetery after the Arabic word Baqi, which means “a field of trees,” reflecting its original lush, green landscape.
Leadership at Masjid al-Nabawi
The imams at Masjid al-Nabawi are chosen for their deep knowledge of the Quran, Hadith, and Islamic law, as well as their ability to lead the Muslim community in worship and guidance.
Current Imams:
- Sheikh Abdullah bin Abdul Rahman Al-Baijan
- Sheikh Ahmed bin Ali Al-Hudhaifi
- Sheikh Ali bin Abdur-Rahman Al-Hudhaifi
- Sheikh Dr. Hussein Al-Asheikh
- Sheikh Salah Al-Budair
Surrounding Area: Hotels Near Masjid E Nabavi
To manage the flow of pilgrims, the surrounding area has a variety of hotels catering to different tastes and budgets. Here are some of the notable hotels near Masjid Nabawi:
The Oberoi Madina
- Location: The Oberoi Madina is located just a few steps from the mosque, offering luxurious accommodations with stunning views of Masjid e Nabavi.
- Amenities: The hotel provides spacious rooms, fine dining options, a fitness centre, and personalized services, ensuring a comfortable stay for pilgrims.
For more information about The Oberoi Madina Hotel.
Anwar Al Madinah Movenpick Hotel
- Location: This hotel is situated right next to the mosque, making it one of the closest five-star properties to Masjid an-Nabawi.
- Amenities: Anwar Al Madinah Mövenpick offers well-appointed rooms, multiple dining options, and a large shopping mall within the complex, providing convenience and comfort.
For more information about Anwar Al Madinah Mövenpick Hotel, visit the following link.
Shaza Al Madina
- Location: Situated just a short walk from the mosque, Shaza Al Madina combines modern design with traditional Islamic elements.
- Amenities: The hotel features luxury rooms, a gourmet restaurant serving Middle Eastern cuisine, and excellent service, making it a popular choice for visitors.
For more information about Shaza Al Madina, visit this link.
Etiquette and Practices in Masjid e Nabvi
- Visiting the Prophet’s Tomb: Visitors to Masjid al-Nabawi often go to the Prophet’s (SAW) tomb to offer greetings (Salam) and prayers.
- Prayers and Duas: Muslims perform their five daily prayers at the mosque, where they also recite special duas (supplications) and engage in Dhikr (remembrance of Allah (SWT)).
- Women’s Area: The mosque has designated areas for women to pray, with separate access and facilities to ensure their comfort and privacy.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Masjid Nabavi is open 24 hours a day, seven days a week. However, particular areas within the mosque, such as the Riyad ul-Jannah, may have restricted access during specific times to manage crowd control.
Masjid Nabavi is open 24 hours a day, seven days a week. However, particular areas within the mosque, such as the Riyad ul-Jannah, may have restricted access during specific times to manage crowd control.
Masjid e Nabawi houses the graves of Prophet Muhammad (SAW) and his close companions Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) and Hazrat Umar (RA).
Masjid an-Nabawi was initially built by Prophet Muhammad (SAW) in 622 CE, shortly after He (SAW) migrated to Madinah. The mosque has undergone many expansions and renovations throughout history, including during the reigns of the Umayyad, Abbasid, and Ottoman empires and under the modern Saudi government.
According to Islamic jurisprudence, it is generally considered impermissible for a woman in the state of menstruation to enter a mosque, including Masjid an-Nabawi. This ruling is based on the principles of maintaining the mosque’s sanctity.
Yes, it is permissible to sleep in Masjid al-Haram.
Masjid an-Nabawi is located in Madinah, in the western region of Saudi Arabia.
The retractable umbrellas in Masjid al Nabawi were manufactured in Germany.
Gold was utilized to produce approximately 448 kg or 896 kilograms.
Conclusion
Masjid an-Nabawi is not just an architectural marvel, but also the heart of Islamic spirituality and history. It is one of the most significant mosques in Islam, serving as a beacon of faith that attracts millions of believers from around the world.
A visit to Masjid al Nabawi is not just a physical journey, but a spiritual one as well. It serves as a reminder of the eternal message of Islam, the life and teachings of the Prophet (PBUH), and the importance of community, prayer, and reflection. May every visit to this blessed mosque be a source of spiritual enlightenment, guidance, and peace.
