Introduction
The Quran, the holy book of Islam, serves as a comprehensive guide for over a billion Muslims worldwide. It provides instructions on behavior, morality, and spiritual development. It is believed to be the literal words of Allah (SWT) revealed to the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) over 23 years, and the structure of the Quran is carefully designed to convey its profound teachings effectively. The Quran is not just a religious text but a practical book for leading a righteous life.
It’s important to understand the structure of the Quran for several reasons. Understanding its structure helps us appreciate its beauty and wisdom, provides context for its revelations, and allows us to engage deeply with its messages. The Quran’s intricate arrangement, from being divided into 30 Juz (parts) to having thematic Surahs and Ayahs, makes it easier for believers to recite and memorize, thus making it more accessible to them.
The Quran is one of the four Holy Books of Islam. The Torah (Tawrat), Psalms (Zabur), and Bible (Injil) are the other three. These books were revealed to different prophets and held an important place in Islam.
To get comprehensive information on the Four Holy Books of Islam, visit this link.
History of the Compilation of the Quran
The process of the Quran’s compilation has a rich and well-documented history. It began with oral transmission during Prophet Muhammad’s (SAW) lifetime. The Prophet (SAW) recited the verses (Ayahs), and his Shaba memorized them and was known as Hafiz. This oral tradition was essential in preserving the Quranic text.
Learn how to memorize the Quran effortlessly with our simple tips: establish a consistent routine, tackle manageable portions, and seek guidance. Visit our blog for more details on how to memorize the Quran Fast and Easy: Effortlessly Hifz Quran. Additionally, explore our Quran Memorization course for further help on your journey.
In addition to oral transmission, the verses of the Quran were also preserved through written records. The Prophet Muhammad (SAW) employed scribes (writers) to write revelations on bones, leather, leaves, stones, and parchment (Animal skin). These scribes (writers) carefully recorded the revelations as they were received. Notable scribes (writers) included Hazrat Zaid ibn Sabit (RA) and Hazrat Ubayy ibn Ka’b (RA).
Compilation During Hazrat Abu Bakr’s (RA) Caliphate
After the death of Prophet Muhammad in 632 CE, the first Caliph, Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA), took the initiative to compile the structure of the Quran into a single book form. This decision was made during the Battle of Yamama, where many Sahaba who had memorized the Quran were martyred, raising worries about the preservation of the Quran.
- Zaid ibn Thabit’s Role: Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) appointed Hazrat Zaid ibn Sabit (RA) to lead the effort of compiling the Quran due to his close association with the Prophet (SAW) and his expertise in Quranic recitation and writing. Hazrat Zaid bin Sabit (RA) carefully collected written details and oral recitations, cross-referencing them to produce a single, authoritative script.
- Compilation: The compilation was completed around 634 CE. Initially, it was kept with Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA). After his passing, it was entrusted to the second Caliph, Hazrat Umar (RA). Upon his death, the compilation was safeguarded by Hazrat Hafsa (RA), the daughter of Hazrat Umar (RA).
Standardization During Hazrat Usman (RA) Caliphate
During the spread of Islam, different Muslim communities developed variations in Quranic recitation. In response, Caliph Hazrat Usman (RA) commissioned the creation of a standard copy of the Quran. This standardized version was then distributed to different regions to encourage consistency in recitation and teaching.
For more exploration, visit the link to assemble the complete Holy Quran.
This unique compilation and standardization process has ensured the protection of the Quran. The Quran remains a central spiritual and legal source for Muslims worldwide.
Language of the Quran
The Quran, the central text of Islam, is written in Classical Arabic, a significant language in Islamic culture and history. It is a unique and standardized form of Arabic used from the 7th century through the Middle Ages. This form of Arabic is sacred in Islam and forms the basis for Modern Standard Arabic.
The language of the Quran has unique qualities. It goes beyond typical prose or poetry, using a complex system of rhyme and rhythm alongside various literary devices. This distinct style, along with its powerful themes and articulacy, has resonated with readers across cultures and centuries. However, translating the Quran’s meaning and beauty into other languages remains challenging due to these unique qualities.
The Structure of the Holy Quran
The structure of the Holy Quran is both complex and carefully organized. Each part has its place and purpose, making it easier for people to understand its message. Here’s a breakdown of the Structure of the Quran:
Juz (Parts)
For ease of recitation, the Quran is further divided into 30 equal parts, known as Juz (plural: Ajza). This division allows Muslims to recite the entire Quran within a month, typically during the month of Ramadan, by reading one Juz per day. Each Juz encompasses portions from various Surahs (chapters) and Ayahs (verses), ensuring a balanced recitation experience.
Surahs (Chapters)
The Quran consists of 114 chapters called Surahs. Each Surah varies in length and addresses different aspects of faith, law, guidance, and wisdom. Surahs are categorized into two types:
- Makki Surahs: The Makki Surahs are chapters of the Quran that were revealed when Prophet Muhammad (SAW) was in Mecca before migration to Medina. These Surahs often focus on themes such as the oneness of God (Tawheed), the Day of Judgment, the stories of previous prophets, and moral and spiritual guidance for individuals and society. There are 86 Makki Surahs.
- Madani Surahs: The Madani Surahs, on the other hand, are the chapters revealed after the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) migrated to Medina. These Surahs often deal with legal, social, and political matters and issues related to community organization, warfare, and governance. There are 28 Medani Surahs.
The order of Surahs in the Quran is not sequential. They are arranged by length, with longer Surahs typically positioned at the beginning and shorter toward the end. This structural organization creates a mixed reading experience.
Veres (Ayahs)
The Quran is comprised of individual verses, known as Ayah(singular) or Ayat (plural). Each verse serves as a distinct unit of meaning, conveying a complete thought or instruction. The total number of Ayat in the Quran is widely reported as 6,236. However, some scholars propose a slightly higher number, around 6,666.
This variation stems from differing views on how to segment specific, longer verses. Some scholars might consider a particularly lengthy verse to be comprised of two or even three distinct Ayat, while others might view it as a single unit.
Hizb (Half) and Rub’ al-Hizb (Quarter)
The Quran is further divided into parts for easier recitation, memorization, and study. Here’s a breakdown of these subdivisions:
Hizb refers to a half; in the context of the Quran, it represents half of a Juz (part). Each Hizb consists of about 60 to 61 verses. Therefore, two Hizbs combined make up around one Juz. There are a total of 60 Hizbs in the Quran.
Rub’ al-Hizb means a quarter of a Hizb, essentially a quarter of a half. It provides an even smaller unit for recitation or memorization, usually containing around 15 to 16 verses.
Ruku (Bow)
Ruku literally means “bow.” The Surahs are divided into further segments called Ruku. Each Ruku contains a group of Ayahs addressing a specific topic or theme, making it easier to understand and reflect upon the message.
Manzil (Stage or Station)
The Quran is also divided into seven Manzils (stages or stations). This division enables reciters to complete the Quran in one week by reading one Manzil daily.
Sajdah (Prostration)
There are specific verses throughout the Quran, totaling 15, that require a physical act of prostration (Sajdah) during recitation. These verses emphasize submission and humility before Allah (SWT) and are usually marked with a symbol within the Quranic text for easy reference.
Muqatta’at (Disjointed Letters)
At the beginning of 29 Surahs, unique combinations of Arabic letters known as Muqatta’at are found, such as Alif-Lam-Mim or Ha-Mim. Their exact meaning is unknown, but they are believed to hold significant supernatural or symbolic value. Scholars suggest they may be a divine code or a way to attract attention to the Surah’s message.
These structural elements of the Quran help recite and memorize, enhancing the spiritual experience and understanding of its divine message. Each aspect holds important layers of meaning and significance, which have been explored in Quranic study and tafsir (interpretation).
Learn about the significance of Quran Tafsir in understanding the Quran’s teachings. Explore its principles, types, and benefits for a deeper understanding of Islamic scripture.
Quranic Surhas summarise
Each Surah within the structure of the Quran carries unique significance and lessons. Here’s an overview of the most important Surahs for us:
Surah Al-Fatiha
The first chapter of the Quran, also known as “The Opening,” consists of seven verses and is often considered the Quran’s essence.
- It is recited in every unit of the prayer (Salah), highlighting its centrality in daily worship.
- The Surah serves as a prayer for guidance, lordship, and mercy from Allah (SWT). It contains praise for Allah (SWT), acknowledgment of His sovereignty, begging for advice on the straight path, and a prayer for mercy.
Surah Al-Baqarah
Surah Al-Baqarah means “The Cow.” It is the second and longest chapter of the Quran, with 286 verses.
- This Surah covers many topics, including faith, law, morality, guidance for personal conduct, and community affairs.
- It addresses the Children of Israel and contains the Ayat al-Kursi (Verse of the Throne), highly revered for its profound declaration of Allah’s (SWT) power and knowledge.
- Surah Al-Baqarah highlights the importance of obedience to Allah (SWT), the significance of prayer, fasting, charity, and the pilgrimage to Mecca.
Surah Al-Kawthar
The meaning of Surah Al-Kawthar is “Abundance” which is the 108th chapter of the Quran and one of the shortest Surahs, containing only three powerful verses. Revealed during the early Makkan period, this Surah holds immense significance for Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and the nascent Muslim community.
- This Surah is significant as it reassures the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) of Allah’s (SWT) abundant blessings and encourages him to pray and offer sacrifice.
- This Surah highlights gratitude and faithfulness to Allah (SWT). Due to its brief and powerful message, it is often recited in daily prayers.
The Four Quls
The Four Quls refers to four specific chapters in the Quran that begin with the word “Qul” (Say). These Surahs are frequently recited for protection and spiritual fortification.
- Surah Al-Kafirun (The Disbelievers) stresses the rejection of polytheism (worship of more than one God). The affirmation of monotheism (worship of one God) conveys the importance of steadfastness in faith.
- Surah Al-Ikhlas (The Sincerity): Affirms the oneness and uniqueness of God, expressing the core belief in monotheism (worship of one God) without any partners or associates.
- Surah Al-Falaq (The Dawn): Seeks refuge in Allah (SWT) from the evils of darkness. The harm caused by unseen forces symbolizes seeking protection from spiritual and worldly harm.
- Surah An-Nas (The Human Being): Seeks refuge in Allah (SWT) from the whisperings of Shaytan (Satan) and evil. They may come from within oneself or from others, emphasizing reliance on Allah’s (SWT) protection and guidance.
These short chapters serve as a powerful reminder of core Islamic beliefs and a source of spiritual protection throughout life.
In another blog, read more about the significance of the Four Quls in the Holy Quran.
Conclusion: Timeless message of the Quran
The structure of the Quran leads us to reflect on its spiritual and intellectual impact. As we delve into its structure, we find detailed organization beyond human creation. The Quran’s verses are arranged in chapters called Surahs and further divided into sections known as Ayahs. This arrangement creates a structure of wisdom, guidance, and divine revelation.
This divine message extends beyond structure. Thematic coherence and captivating language unify the Quran’s content. Verses build upon each other, with patterns and repetitions increasing their meaning and creating a harmonious tapestry.
The true power of the Quran, however, lies in its ability to connect with humanity across cultures and generations. It exceeds any perceived “structural difficulties” by offering relief, direction, and inspiration to believers. Its timeless verses resonate with universal human experiences, providing deep insights into life, faith, and the divine.
